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Latex immunoagglutination assay (LIA), also known as latex agglutination test or turbidimetric/nephelometric particle immunoassay, has been popular in clinical diagnostics due to its simplicity. Lab-on-a-chip, a miniaturized laboratory device made with semiconductor manufacturing technologies, has a strong potential in point-of-care testing (POCT). Demonstration of LIA in lab-on-a-chip format, both microchannel and microdrop types, has not been fully successful due to the mixing problem inherent in lab-on-a-chip. In this article, current technical hurdles for conducting LIA in lab-on-a-chip are addressed, such as mixing, optical detection, and device reusability, and possible solutions are suggested. In addition, potential applications are presented, including medical/veterinary diagnostics, detection of waterborne pathogens, and controlled environment agriculture.