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In raw form, poultry litter has certain drawbacks for both energy production and fertilizer. These include high ash content and moisture content, a corrosive nature, low heat content, and low nutrient content. Fractionation divides poultry litter into a fine, nutrient rich fraction and a coarse, energy rich fraction. In this research, poultry litter was divided into coarse and fine fractions using a #20 screen. The following analyses were performed on the raw poultry litter and its coarse and fine fractions: higher heating value, proximate, ultimate, compositional, mineral, thermogravimetric (TGA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. Preliminary results show that the coarse fraction from screen #20 is potentially a much better feedstock for energy production than whole litter. The results of this study may be directly applied to the poultry industry to promote value added utilization of litter and to improve the efficiency of energy producing industries using poultry litter as feedstock.